1- Ring spinning
Currently, the market’s most widely used spinning method, the sliver or roving fiber sliver after drafting, is introduced by the ring traveler, the bobbin winding speed is faster than the traveler, and the cotton yarn is twisted into spun yarn. It is widely used in the spinning engineering of various short fibers. The yarn has a compact structure and high strength, making it suitable for a variety of products, including thread making and weaving and knitting.
Ring spinning (combed) process: cleaning → carding → pre-drawing → sliver and coiling → combing → drawing → roving → spun yarn → winding
Ring spinning (carding) process: Blowing → Carding → First drawing frame → Secondary drawing frame → Roving → Spinning → Winding
2- Twistless spinning
A spinning method in which the fibers in a sliver are bonded to each other to form a yarn using a binder. After the drafting device draws the roving, the strands are sent to the twisting drum, where they come into contact with a thin layer of adhesive from the tank on the drum. The fiber strips are conveyed forward with the drum by several rotating small pressing rollers, one of which is reciprocating in the axial direction simultaneously, kneading the fiber strips into a circular cross-section and making each fiber evenly in contact with the adhesive. The round fiber strips are dried by a heater, and the fibers are adhered to each other to form a yarn. The spinning speed can be 2-4 times greater than conventional spinning methods, and the resulting yarn can be used for weaving.
3- Self-twist spinning
An unconventional spinning method. The two fiber strips are thinned by the drafting device, output by the front and twisting roller, and combined at the yarn guide hook. In addition to the rotation, the twisting roller also moves axially reciprocating rapidly, twisting the yarn so that the yarn before and after the twisting roller obtains twists in opposite directions. The morphological feature of self-twisting yarn is that adjacent yarn segments alternately twist in positive and negative directions, and the alternation is non-twisting.
This spinning method is specially used for multi-ply yarns, such as wool spinning or wool-like chemical fiber products. High-quality self-twisting yarn can be directly used for weft knitting, but the warp yarn for weaving must use twisted self-twisting yarn to improve the strength performance.
4- Centrifugal spinning
A continuous spinning method that implements twisting and winding with a high-speed centrifugal tank (cup) and a lifting yarn guide tube. After the roving passes through the drafting device, the fiber sliver is continuously output by the front roller. It enters the high-speed rotating cylindrical centrifugal tank through the yarn guide hook and the yarn guide tube. The yarn between the lower end of the yarn guide tube and the front roller is twisted, and the rotation speed of the yarn in the horizontal direction under the yarn guide tube lags behind the centrifugal tank to generate wind.
The yarn guide tube rises and falls according to a certain rule to form a cross-wound yarn cake. When the wind reaches a certain length, the front roller stops outputting fiber strips, the yarn guide tube rises and exits the centrifuge tank, and the empty bobbin tube is rapidly dropped into the centrifuge tank. The yarn end is hooked to the hook device at the lower part of the bobbin so that the yarn on the yarn cake is unwound to the bobbin, and after unwinding, the full bobbin is removed. Compared with ring spinning, it consumes a lot of power, has a lot of yarn waste, and it is difficult to deal with broken ends. The yarn is rewound to the bobbin, and the front roller needs to be stopped, which affects productivity. At present, few people use it.
5- Cap spinning
A spinning method in which the sliver is twisted and wound using the spindle cap and bobbin. For wool spinning and linen spinning. The bell-type spindle cap is fixed on the top of the spindle, and the bobbin is looped on the spindle. After the drafting device thins the roving, the fiber strip is continuously output by the front roller and wound on the bobbin through the yarn guide hook and the lower edge of the spindle cap. When the bobbin rotates, it drives the sliver to rotate around the spindle cap, and the sliver is continuously twisted. The frictional resistance of the spindle cap to the rotating yarn makes the yarn continuously wound on the bobbin. The bobbin moves up and down with the lifting plate according to a certain rule, and the spun yarn is wound into a certain package form. The spinning tension of the hat spindle spinning method is small, and the ends are less broken.
6- Mule spinning
A spinning method that periodically implements the three functions of sliver drafting, twisting and winding.
A working cycle is divided into four stages: the first stage: spinning out. The drafting device drafts the roving and sends out the fiber sliver; the spindle car leaves the drafting device and moves outward, slightly drafts the sliver, and the spindle rotates to twist the spun yarn.
The second stage: is twisting. The drafting device and the spindle car stop still, and the spindle rotates continuously to complete the twisting of the spun yarn.
The third stage: is unwinding. The drafting device and the spindle car continue to stand still, the spindle turns slowly in the opposite direction when twisting, unwinds the yarn coil from the tip of the spindle, the upper forming hook descends, guides the unwound yarn coil, and the lower forming hook rises, Pull the yarn taut.
The fourth stage: is coiling. The drafting device continues to stop, the spindle car moves quickly to the drafting device, the spindle rotates in the direction of twisting, and the spun yarn is taken up; the upper forming hook guides the spun yarn to make the winding tight and form a certain package, and the lower forming Tensioned hook sliver has been replaced by ring spinning etc.
7- Open-end spinning
A new spinning method that loosens the fiber strips into single fibers and then condenses the single fibers into free-end fiber strips, and then twists them into yarns. The condensed fiber strips rotate together with the twisting of the yarn and are in the form of free ends. Because the fed fiber strips and the free-end fiber strips are broken, it is also called “broken spinning”. There are different methods of agglomerating single fibers into free-end fiber strips, including air spinning or rotor spinning, electrostatic spinning, vortex spinning, and dust cage (friction) spinning, among which air spinning is the most common application. At present, most people refer to open-end spinning as open-end spinning. Compared with conventional ring spinning, it has the following advantages: twisting and winding movement are separated, the total draft on the air spinning machine is much larger than that on the ring spinning machine, and twisting can be performed at high speed; the sliver after twisting Directly wound into a bobbin, the volume of the package is large, and the process is simplified; the labor intensity of the workers is reduced and the working environment is improved.
8- Air spinning
Also known as “rotor spinning”, one of the effective open-end spinning methods, the core is a rotor, and the fiber strips are input from the feeding roller and the cotton feeding board, and are opened by a small high-speed roller (opening roller). Loose into single fibers. The negative air pressure in the spinning cup makes the single fiber enter the spinning cup through the conveying pipe with the supplementary airflow, and under the centrifugal force of the high-speed rotation of the cup, it sticks to the coagulation groove at the largest inner diameter of the rotor along the smooth inner wall, forming a ring Shaped fiber strips, when spinning and splicing, the trailing yarn is fed into the airflow from the yarn drawing tube, and also attached to the condensation groove due to the centrifugal effect of the rotor, so that the yarn tail is connected to the fiber strip. When the yarn is pulled out of the spinning cup, the fiber sliver leaves the condensation groove with the yarn tail, and at the same time is twisted by the high-speed rotation of the spinning cup to form a yarn. Drive the bobbin to wind into a bobbin.
The process of air spinning: blowing → carding → first drawing frame → second drawing frame → air spinning
9- Electrospinning
One of the open-end spinning methods. It consists of fiber opening, conveying, electrostatic coagulation, free-end twisting, bobbin winding and other technological processes. There are two methods of fiber opening and conveying:
(1) The roller drafting is used as the opening mechanism, and the fiber is transported using the electrostatic field.
(2) The licker-in roller is used as the opening mechanism, and the cotton fiber is transported by airflow.
Electrospun yarns are suitable for weaving quilts, furniture fabrics, knitted jacquard tablecloths and curtain fabrics; spinning various blended yarns, slub yarns and core-spun yarns, and can also be made into fabrics with unique styles.
10- Vortex spinning
One of the open-end spinning methods. The fiber sliver is input between the feeding roller and the feeding plate and is loosened into fibers by the small high-speed roller, and then enters the static eddy current twisting tube tangentially along with the airflow through the conveying pipeline. The lower part of the eddy current twisting tube is connected with the air-negative pressure source, and the nozzle is arranged tangentially to the inner wall of the twisting tube. The vortex part of the upward movement of the nozzle is weakened by the action of the lower air negative pressure source in the tube, so that the fibers entering the twisting tube tangentially form a spiral shape along the tube wall, and condense into a rotating fiber ring in a stable vortex field. At the same time, the drawing yarn follows the supplementary airflow and passes through the drawing tube, and is connected with the fiber ring under the action of centrifugal force.
The mechanism and operation are simple, the spinning speed is extremely high, there is no fiber loss and less fly, and the twisting efficiency is low. It is suitable for spinning chemical fiber pure or blended medium-heavy yarns, and it is more effective than pile yarns and core-spun yarns.
11- Air-jet spinning
An unconventional spinning method. After using the jet airflow to draft, when the fiber strip is subjected to false twisting, some free fibers at the head end of the fiber strip are wrapped around the periphery of the fiber strip for spinning. There are two kinds of the single nozzle and double nozzle, the latter has good and stable spinning quality. The fiber sliver is thinned by the drafting device, output from the front roller passes through the first nozzle, the second nozzle, the yarn guide hook and the yarn delivery roller, and is wound into a bobbin by the grooved drum. The vortex rotation directions of the two nozzles are opposite, and the vortex strength of the second nozzle is greater than that of the first nozzle so that the twist on the yarn between the two nozzles can overcome the torque and resistance added by the first nozzle to the yarn, and be transmitted to the front roller. At the jaws. The free head end of the twisted fiber at the periphery of the fiber strip is influenced by the first nozzle and wrapped around the fiber strip in the opposite direction. Part of the fibers of the twisted yarn core is twisted back after passing through the nozzle, while the wrapping fibers are wrapped tighter and tighter during the reverse twisting process.
Compared with ring spinning, it has the advantages of high output, large package, and short process. It is suitable for spinning all kinds of staple and filament core-spun yarns and processing plied medium-length chemical fiber yarns. Japan’s Murata is an air-jet spinning expert, and its products include MJS, MVS, and RJS. The shape of air-jet spinning is similar to that of air-jet spinning, with hard hand feeling and good hairiness.
Air-jet spinning process: Blowing → carding → pre-drawing → sliver drawing → combing → first drawing frame → second drawing frame → third drawing frame → air-jet spinning
12- Friction spinning
A method that uses the friction effect of the surface of the machine part on the surface of the sliver to generate a twist into yarn. More mature dust cage spinning.
13- Dust cage spinning
Also known as (Dreyfu spinning) a kind of friction spinning, most of them are collectively called friction spinning, which belongs to the free-end spinning method. The principle is that the single fibers formed by the fiber strips loosened by the stinger roller are blown to the surface of a rotating dust cage by the action of the airflow. When it reaches the triangular area of the two dust cages, the surface of the two dust cages is rubbed and twisted to form a yarn, and the yarn is guided by the yarn guide hook to the roller and is directly wound into a bobbin by the winding mechanism. It is suitable for spinning coarse yarn and can also be used for spinning core-spun yarn with filaments, usually for weaving thick fabrics or various blankets.